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Liver damage due to Alcoholism
Long-term (chronic) active infection (Hepatitis B or C)
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Chronic Liver disease due to HCC
Birth defects of the Liver or Bile Ducts (Biliary Atresia)
Metabolic disorders associated with Liver failure (e.g. Wilson’s disease, Haemochromatosis)
Acute Liver Failure
Liver failure causes many problems, including malnutrition, problems with Ascites, Blood Clotting, Bleeding from the Gastrointestinal Tract and Jaundice. In most cases, patients who undergo Liver Transplant are very sick. They are hospitalised prior to surgery.
A healthy Liver is obtained either from a living donor or from a donor who has recently died (brain dead), but has not suffered Liver injury. The diseased Liver is removed through an incision made in the upper abdomen and the new Liver is put in place and attached to the patient’s blood vessels and bile ducts. This procedure can take upto 12 hours to complete and may require large volumes of blood transfusions.
Patients are required to stay in the hospital for 3 to 4 weeks after the Liver Transplant, depending on the degree of illness. After the transplant, patients must take immunosuppressive medicines for the rest of their lives to prevent rejection of the transplanted organ by the body.
A Liver is obtained from either a deceased or a living donor.
Deceased Donor
A Liver can be obtained from patients who are brain dead (declared dead clinically, legally, ethically and spiritually). Once a brain dead patient is identified and deemed as a potential donor, the blood supply to his body is maintained artificially. This is the principle of deceased organ donation. Young patients who die due to accidents, brain haemorrhage or other causes of sudden death are considered suitable donor candidates
Living Donor
The Liver has an amazing ability to regenerate itself if a part of it is removed. It takes the Liver 4 to 8 weeks to regenerate after the surgery. That’s why a healthy person can donate a part of his Liver. In a Live Donor Liver Transplant, a portion of the Liver is surgically removed from the live donor and transplanted into a recipient, immediately after the recipient’s Liver has been entirely removed.
Doctors, transplant coordinators and other healthcare professionals who form the Liver Transplant Team, with their experience, skill and technical expertise select the best donor for a living Donor Liver Transplant.
Potential live Liver donors are carefully evaluated and only those in good health are considered. The donor will be evaluated or cleared for donation by the Authorisation Committee. The health and safety of the donor is the most important parameter during the evaluation.
The potential donor should:
Be a close or first degree relative or spouse
Have a compatible blood type
Be in overall good health and physical condition
Be older than 18 years of age and younger than 55 years of age
Have a near normal body mass index (not obese)
The donor must be free from:
History of Hepatitis B or C
HIV infection
Alcoholism or frequent heavy alcohol consumption
Any drug addiction
Psychiatric illness currently under treatment
A recent history of cancer
The donor should also have the same or compatible blood group
Patient Blood Group | Donor Blood Group |
A | A or O |
B | B or O |
AB | A, B, AB or O |
O | O |
Note: The Rh factor (+/-) of the blood type is not important in compatibility.
Gifting an organ can save the life of a transplant candidate
Donors have reportedly experienced positive emotions, including feeling good about giving life to a dying person
Transplants can greatly improve recipient’s health and quality of life, allowing them to return to a normal life
Transplant candidates generally have better results when they receive organs from living donors as compared to organs from deceased donors
Better genetic matches between living donor and recipients may decrease risk of organ rejection
A living donor makes it possible to schedule the transplant at a time that is convenient for both the donor and the transplant candidate
The surgery and recovery process vary in different cases. If you are thinking of becoming a donor then you should consult the hospital transplant team to understand what to expect. You can also consider talking with other donors. As a Liver donor, you may stay in the hospital for upto 10 days or longer in some cases. The Liver typically regenerates in two months. Most Liver donors return to work and resume normal activities in about three months, although some may need more time.
Our body isn’t designed to readily accept another person’s organs. It’s the body’s natural instinct to attack and destroy a transplanted organ as a defence mechanism. Anti-rejection drugs make the defence mechanism weak against the transplanted organ and allow the Liver graft to sustain and work normally.